Internal and External Genitalia MCQs

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Genital swelling [Ref: Inderbir Singh Human Embryology Sth/e p. 256] Embryogical Fate in Fate in male structure female Genital swelling Labia majora Scrotum Genital fold Labia minora Ventral aspect of penis, penile urethra Genital tubercle Clitoris Glans penis

The rectal venous plexus is one of the four portal/systemic anastomoses. Blood from the portal system can flow into the venous system at this junction. This means that portal blood, from the superior rectal vein, could flow through the rectal venous plexus, into the inferior rectal vein and into the systemic venous drainage. Now, you just need to figure out what the inferior rectal vein drains into. And it drains into the internal pudendal vein. Reference - Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Pelvis and Perineum, Page number - 226

Explanation: Sudden onset unilateral testicular pain along with an absent cremasteric reflex is the typical presentation of testicular torsion . It mostly occurs without any preceding trauma or fever and is a surgical emergency . The affected testicle appears elevated (Termed as a high-riding testicle ) Varicocele usually presents as a painless , "bag of worms" feeling in the scrotum and does not cause acute severe pain or an absent cremasteric reflex (Option B) . Hydrocele presents as painless swelling of the testis (Option C) . Epididymitis presents with gradual-onset pain, often associated with fever and dysuria, and the cremasteric reflex is usually intact. There is also relief from pain with the elevation of the affected testicle (Option D) .

- Lymphatics from glans penis drain into deep inguinal node also called gland of Cloquet. Lymphatics from the rest of the penis drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. - Lymphatics from testis ascend along testicular vessels and drain into the preaortic and paraaortic groups of lymph nodes. - Lymphatics from the urinary bladder terminates into external iliac nodes - Lymphatics from the prostate drain chiefly into the internal iliac and sacral nodes and partly into external iliac nodes.

The anterior division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to the internal pudendal artery. The internal iliac artery is the major artery of the pelvis. At the superior border of the greater sciatic foramen in the pelvis, it divides into anterior and posterior trunks. Reference - Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Pelvis and Perineum, Page number - 227

The external iliac veins lie medial to the external iliac artery. The external iliac veins are not the veins that join to make the inferior vena cava. First, the external and internal iliac veins join to form a common iliac vein on each side. Then, the common iliacs join to form the inferior vena cava. The inferior vena cava can be imaged it can be seen in axial CT scans or with a venogram. Veins are not imaged using an arteriogram an arteriogram is for arteries! Instead, veins can be imaged with a venogram, a test where contrast is injected into the venous system. Reference - Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Pelvis and Perineum, Page number - 264

Explanation: To properly visualize the tympanic membrane, the pinna must be pulled upward, backward, and laterally . This maneuver straightens the S-shaped external auditory canal, aligning the cartilaginous and bony portions for a clear view of the tympanic membrane. External Auditory Meatus: It measures about 24 mm in length. Outer one-third: Cartilaginous, contains hair and ceruminous glands. Inner two-thirds: Bony, lined by thin skin without hair or glands. Has an S-shaped course : Outer part: Upward, backward, medially Inner part: Downward, forward, medially Pulling the pinna upward, backward, and laterally aligns both segments of the canal, improving visualization during otoscopy in adults.

Testosterone is involved in testicular descent. They are secreted by the Leydig cells. Leydig cells are large polyhedral cells present in the connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol in Leydig cells. The secretion of testosterone from Leydig cells is under the control of the luteinizing hormone (LH). Reference - Textbook of Langman's, 12th Edition, General Embryology Page number - 10