GI Tract MCQs

During development, it is the MIDGUT to which the yolk stalk or vitelline duct is attached. Duodenum is both foregut & midgut in origin, so both celiac & superior mesenteric arteries supply it. During duodenal development, epithelial growth temporarily closes its lumen. Reference - Textbook of Langman's, 12th Edition, Digestive System Embryology Page number - 211

The midgut normally undergoes a 270° counterclockwise rotation around the axis formed by the superior mesenteric artery. The midgut forms a U-shaped loop (midgut loop) that herniates through the primitive umbilical ring into the extra-embryonic celom in the umbilicus. During the development of the intestines, the midgut loop rotates a total of 270° counter-clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery. Reference - Textbook of Langman's, 12th Edition, Digestive System Embryology Page number - 208

Celiac trunk is the artery of the caudal portion of the foregut, supplying the stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and upper portion of the duodenum. The superior mesenteric is considered the artery of the midgut, and inferior mesenteric is considered the artery of the hindgut. Reference - Textbook of Langman's, 12th Edition, Digestive System Embryology Page number - 211

The superior mesenteric artery is known as the artery of the midgut because it supplies the midgut from the ampullary region of the second part of the duodenum to the splenic flexure of the large intestine. Incorrect options- Option A- The celiac trunk is the artery of the foregut. Option B- The inferior mesenteric is the artery of the hindgut. Option C- The splenic artery is a branch of the celiac artery, and the proper hepatic artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery, which is a branch of the celiac artery. Reference: Gray's Anatomy for Students: Volume 1, 3rd Edition, Page Number-170.

During stomach rotation, the original ventral border comes to face to the right & superiorly while the original dorsal border comes to face left & inferiorly. Duodenum rotates to the right, and dorsal mesogastrium is carried to the left. It is true that the dorsal border of stomach grows more rapidly, but this is not related. Reference: Langman's Medi'cal Embryology, 12th Edition, Page Number-211.

Among the given options, the intestinal lymph trunk is the last structure to drain lymphatics from the stomach. The intestinal lymph trunk is a major lymphatic channel in the abdomen. It receives lymphatics from the pre-aortic group of lymph nodes such as coeliac nodes, superior mesenteric nodes, and inferior mesenteric nodes. The intestinal lymph trunk finally drains into the cisterna chyli. Reference: Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Abdomen, Page number - 164

The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic fibers to all of the abdominal organs which receive blood from the celiac trunk or superior mesenteric artery. This means that the vagus supplies parasympathetics to the entire GI tract, up to the last part of the transverse colon. The end of transverse colon and all GI structures distal to that point receive parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnic nerves and blood from the inferior mesenteric artery. So, the ascending colon, cecum, jejunum, and ileum would all be affected by damage to the vagus nerve. The sigmoid colon, which receives parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnics, would not be affected. Reference: Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Abdomen, Page number - 164

The left gastric artery is the artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach (along with the right gastric artery.) These two arteries would be most likely to cause bleeding at the lesser curvature of the stomach. The left gastric is one of the three arteries that comes off of the celiac trunk. The left and right gastro-omental arteries are the two arteries that supply the greater curvature of the stomach. The gastroduodenal artery is a branch off the common hepatic artery that supplies the duodenum, head of the pancreas, and the greater curvature of the stomach. The short gastric arteries are 4 or 5 small arteries from the splenic artery that supply the fundus of the stomach. Reference : Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Abdomen, Page number - 158