Joints of the Lower Limb MCQs

The bifurcate ligament (BL) of the foot, also called Chopart ligament, is a strong 1-shaped structure that stabilizes the calcaneocuboid joint. The BL also stabilizes the talocalcaneonavicular and midtarsal joints, and therefore, has been described as the keystone of the transverse tarsal joint. The ligament is anatomically found on the dorsal surface of the calcaneocuboid joint and has a main proximal stem that attaches to the calcaneal sulcus, which then divides distally to attach to the navicular and dorsomedial aspect of the cuboid. Consequently, the BL has two constituent bands: the calcaneonavicular ligament (CNL) and calcaneocuboid ligament (CCL). Reference: Gray's Anatomy for Students, 3rd Edition, Page Number-668.

Explanation: Among the given options, the deltoid ligament, also known as the medial collateral ligament of the ankle, is most likely to be injured during eversion of the foot Inversion injury: An inversion force with the foot in plantar flexion results in the sprain of the anterior talofibular ligament of the ankle. It is the most common ligament injury occurring in the body. Eversion injury: Eversion forces on the foot result in the deltoid ligament injuries. On examination, there is tenderness over the medial malleolus. Explanation of other options: Anterior talofibular (Option A): The most common Injury occurs during Inversion & plantarflexion Posterior talofibular (Option C): Injury happens during inversion Calcaneofibular (Option D): Injury happens during inversion

Answer- C. USG Ultrasonography is the investigation of choice for DDH. It visualizes the cartilage and allows dynamic testing of the hip joint. 1248. Primary pathology in CDH a) Large head of femur b) Shallow acetabulum c) Excessive retroversion d) Everted limbus Correct Answer - B Answer- B. Shallow acetabulum Following changes are seen in dislocated hip :

The doctor is performing the drawer test on this football player. The drawer test is a test designed to evaluate the integrity of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. It involves firmly grasping the leg with both hands just below the knee, with the thumbs on the tibial tuberosity. With the knee flexed, the examiner pushes and pulls the leg in a line parallel to the long axis of the femur. If the leg moves too far anteriorly, this indicates a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament. If the leg moves too far posteriorly, the posterior cruciate ligament is probably ruptured. In this case, the leg is moving anteriorly, so the anterior cruciate ligament must be injured, which is what happened in this case. Reference: Textbook of B d Chaurasia's handbook of General Anatomy, 4th Edition, Page number - 57

Forward and backward movement of the mandible that occurs at the temporomandibular joints are called as protraction and retraction, respectively. Protraction occurs when the lower jaw is pushed forward, while retraction pulls the lower jaw backward. Reference: Textbook of B d Chaurasia's handbook of General Anatomy, 4th Edition, Page number - 57

The medial collateral ligament (tibial collateral ligament) is attached to the medial meniscus of the knee. This is clinically significant because an injury or tear to the MCL can result in tearing to the medial meniscus. This type of injury can be caused by a blow to the lateral side of the knee. The lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament) is not attached to the lateral meniscus, remember, this ligament is separated from the joint capsule by the tendon of popliteus. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments found within the knee capsule. These ligaments connect the tibia to the femur and are not attached to either of the menisci. Reference: Textbook of B d Chaurasia's handbook of General Anatomy, 4th Edition, Page number - 57

The anterior fibres of the gluteus medius and minimus act as medial rotator of the hip joint, the gluteus maximus is the most powerful lateral rotator of the hip joint, the superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5,S1) emerges from the greater sciatic notch. Reference: Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Lower Limb, Page number - 558

The obturator nerve provides motor innervation to the adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, obturator externus and ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus muscle. Its cutaneous distribution covers the skin of the proximal part of the medial thigh, as well as the hip and knee joints. Reference: Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Lower Limb, Page number - 579