Demography I: Demographic Cycle, Annual Growth Rate and Age Pyramid MCQs

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Aeration tank o The heart of the activated sludge process is aeration tank.

Epidemiologic transition is the process by which the pattern of mortality and disease in a population is transformed from high mortality among infants and children and episodic famine and epidemics affecting all age groups to one of degenerative and human-made diseases such as those attributed to human behavior affecting principally the elderly eg: Life style diseases. Reference: Park's Preventive and social medicine, 27th Edition, Chapter Concept Of Health & Disease.

In late expanding phase of demographic cycle death rates declines faster than the birth rate and there is a steady decrease in the demographic gap. In this state population grow at a steadily decreasing rate. Most of the developing countries are now at early expanding and late expanding stages of demographic cycle. Ref: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine By K. Park, 19th Edition, Page 379; Foundations of Community Medicine By Dhaar, 2nd Edition, Page

Ans. is 'b' i.e., India has narrow base In countries with high birth rates as ours, population pyramid is broad based conical (narrow apex) because of high birth rate and tapering of population with increase in age. The pyramid of developing country (e.g. India) has a broad base and a tapering top. In developed countries, the pyramid generally shows a bulge in the middle and has a narrower base (as in figure given in the question).