Cellular Adaptations and Injury is part of the General Pathology section of Pathology. Practise 22 exam-style MCQs for NEET PG, FMGE, INI-CET and NEET SS, each with the correct answer and a detailed explanation.
Cellular Adaptations and Injury MCQs explore how cells respond to stress through atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia, alongside reversible and irreversible injury driven by free radicals. These high-yield NEET PG questions build the foundation for general pathology revision across FMGE, INI-CET and NEET SS.
Sample Cellular Adaptations and Injury MCQs with answers
Sample MCQ #1
A 30-year-old man is diagnosed with Jaundice. His laboratory reports show increase in AST, ALT and Serum Bilirubin. Which of the following correlates the condition?
AClumping of nuclear chromatin
BBleb formation
CSwelling of endoplasmic reticulum
DCell membrane rupture
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: D. Cell membrane rupture
The condition suggests liver cellular injury. All options other than cell membrane rupture are reversible cell injury. Irreversible injury like cell membrane injury shows elevated serum levels due to leakage of intracellular enzymes. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 10 th ed Pg:37
Sample MCQ #2
Which of the following is/are effect(s) of irreversible cell injury caused by reactive oxygen species?
ALipid peroxidation in membranes
BOxidative modification of proteins
CLesions in DNA, loss of phospholipids
DAll of the above
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: D. All of the above
The production of ROS is increased by many injurious stimuli. These free radicals are removed by spontaneous decay and by specialized enzymatic systems. Excessive production or inadequate removal leads to accumulation of free radicals in cells, which may damage lipids(by peroxidation), proteins and DNA, resulting in cell injury. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 10 th ed Pg: 44
Sample MCQ #3
Which of the following conditions is an example of disuse atrophy?
ASkeletal muscle in patients with limb immobilization
BCardiac muscles in patients with Brown atrophy of the heart
CNeurons in elderly patients
DSkeletal muscles in weight lifters
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: A. Skeletal muscle in patients with limb immobilization
Causes of atrophy include a decreased workload(e.g., immobilization of a limb to permit healing of a fracture), loss of innervation, diminished blood supply, inadequate nutrition, loss of endocrine stimulation and aging(senile atrophy). Although some of these stimuli are physiologic(e.g., the loss of hormone stimulation in menopause) and others are pathologic (e.g., denervation), the fundamental cellular changes are similar. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 10 th ed Pg: 50
Sample MCQ #4
Which of the following is/are example(s) of pathological hyperplasia? i. Endometrial hyperplasia ii. Organogenesis iii. Benign prostatic hyperplasia iv. Increase in size of uterus during pregnancy
AOnly i, ii and iii are correct
BOnly i and iii are correct
COnly ii and iv are correct
DOnly iv is correct
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: B. Only i and iii are correct
Endometrial hyperplasia is an example of abnormal hormone induced hyperplasia and benign prostatic hyperplasia is in the response to hormone stimulation by androgens. Pathological hyperplasia is seen in these two conditions. Whereas, organogenesis and increase in size of uterus during pregnancy refers to increase in the size of cells, resulting increase in size of the affected organ. These are physiological conditions. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 9 th ed Pg:34
Sample MCQ #5
All the following conditions are examples of hypertrophy EXCEPT:
AMyometrial change in pregnancy
BSkeletal muscle changes in weight lifters
CProstatic changes in elderly males
DVentricular changes in aortic stenosis
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: C. Prostatic changes in elderly males
Prostatic changes in elderly males is an example of hyperplasia. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 10 th ed Pg: 49
Sample MCQ #6
Which of the following is the example of coexistence of hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
AGravid uterus
BLiver regeneration
CPremature breakdown of red blood cells
DAll of the above
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: A. Gravid uterus
The massive physiologic enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy occurs as a consequence of estrogen stimulated smooth muscle hypertrophy and smooth muscle hyperplasia. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 10 th ed Pg:48
Sample MCQ #7
During muscle hypertrophy, the myosin switches from:
ABeta heavy chain to Alpha heavy chain
BBeta light chain to Alpha light chain
CAlpha heavy chain to Beta heavy chain
DAlpha light chain to Beta light chain
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: C. Alpha heavy chain to Beta heavy chain
During hypertrophy, there may occur a switch of contractile proteins from the adult isoforms to the fetal or infantile isoforms. In muscle hypertrophy, the alpha isoform of myosin heavy chain is replaced by the beta isoform of the myosin heavy chain , which produces slower and more energetically economic contraction. Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases 10 th edition, Chapter - 2 pg 57
Sample MCQ #8
Deficiency or excess of which of the following vitamins induce squamous metaplasia in the respiratory epithelium?
AAscorbic acid
BRetinoic acid
CCholecalciferol
DCitric acid
Show Answer & Explanation ▾
✓ Correct Answer: B. Retinoic acid
Vitamin A is essential for normal epithelial differentiation. Its deficiency also may induce squamous metaplasia in the respiratory epithelium. Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Diseases, 10 th ed Pg:51
What you can practise in Cellular Adaptations and Injury
22 Cellular Adaptations and Injury MCQs on Cellular Adaptations, Injury, General Pathology — each with detailed explanations
Previous-year question practice across NEET PG, FMGE, INI-CET and NEET SS
Progress and performance tracking to measure retention
What do Cellular Adaptations and Injury MCQs cover?
Cellular Adaptations and Injury MCQs explore how cells respond to stress through atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia, alongside reversible and irreversible injury driven by free radicals. These high-yield NEET PG questions build the foundation for general pathology revision across FMGE, INI-CET and NEET SS.
How many Cellular Adaptations and Injury questions are there, and which exams do they cover?
MedLadder includes 22 curated MCQs for Cellular Adaptations and Injury under Pathology (General Pathology), covering NEET PG, FMGE, INI-CET and NEET SS preparation.
