Fungal and Protozoal Infections MCQs

Answer- D. Hypergonadism LEOPARD syndrome Lentigines Electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities Ocular hypertelorism Pulmonary stenosis Abnormal genitalia Retarded growth Deafness

Dermatological Causes of Pruritus: Autoimmune causes: Dermatitis herpetiformis Pemphigoid Sjogren's syndrome Infectious causes: Dermatophytosis Insect bites Pediculosis Scabies Neoplastic causes: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Mycosis fungoides) Leukemia cutis Genetic causes: Darter's disease Hailey-Hailey disease Inflammatory causes: Atopic dermatitis Contact dermatitis Drug reactions Lichen planus Mastocytosis Miliaria Keloid scar Urticaria Pregnancy causes: Pemphigoid gestationis Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy Reference: Rooks textbook of dermatology 9 th edition, chapter 83, page 4

Besnier's sign: Also referred to as the scratch sign or coup d' ongle sign. In this, the indistinct scales of the macules in P.versicolor can be accentuated by scratching with nail . Psoriasis - Auspitz sign Pityriasis rosea - Hanging curtain sign Reference: Madke B, Nayak C. Eponymous signs in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2012 Sep;3(3):159-65. doi: 10.4103/2229-5178.101810. Erratum in: Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013 Apr-Jun;4(2):164. PMID: 23189246; PMCID: PMC3505421.

Risk factors for vaginal candidiasis: Antibiotic use, which causes an imbalance in natural vaginal flora Pregnancy Uncontrolled diabetes An impaired immune system Taking oral contraceptives or hormone therapy that increase estrogen levels REFERENCE: Rooks textbook of dermatology, chapter 31

Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch/Dhobi itch is an infection involving the genital, pubic, perineal, and perianal skin caused by pathogenic fungi known as dermatophytes. Intertriginous areas are hospitable environments for fungus due to moisture and sweating. Trichophyton rubrum has been isolated most commonly and remains the most frequent cause of tinea cruris worldwide Reference: Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 9 th Edition, Chapter 32, Page .46

Chromoblastomycosis histology - In the foreign-body granuloma ,- giant cells engulfed with groups of fungal cells may be seen. They are chestnut or golden brown, and therefore can be easily distinguished in the infiltrate. The cells characteristically divide into several planes of division by thick septa and are termed muriform or sclerotic cells/copper penny bodies Reference: Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 9 th Edition, Chapter 32, Page 76

There are four main forms of the disease: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar), Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. CL is the most common form of the disease; VL is the most serious and is almost always fatal if untreated. Reference: Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 9th Edition, Chapter 33, Page 40

Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp hairs. It is caused primarily by the dermatophyte species Microsporum and Trichophyton - Dermatophyte species which have the capabilities to infect keratin and keratinized tissue including the hair. Epidermophyton does not cause tinea capitis. Hair will typically get infected in one of three principal ways: Endothrix: where the fungi affect the hair shaft - Trichophyton tonsurans Ectothrix: where the fungi affect the outer sheath root - Microsporum canis Favus: where there is an inflammatory reaction, crusting or scutula, and hair loss : Trichophyton schoenleinii Reference: Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 9 th Edition, Chapter 32, Page 38