Anus and Anal Canal MCQs

Answer- A. Volvulus Barium/gastrograffin enema - demonstrates the point of obstruction, pathognomonic "Bird beck deformity" or parrot beak deformity. Contrast enema is contraindicated if gangrene is suspected. "Parrot beaked" clawing of neils is also seen in chronic cocaine abuse.

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a posthepatic cause of portal hypertension characterized by the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow . Patients may present with - Acute signs and symptoms of abdominal pain Ascites Hepatomegaly BCS is defined as primary when the obstructive process involves an endoluminal venous thrombosis . BCS is considered as a secondary process when the veins are compressed or invaded by a neighbouring lesion originating outside the vein. Reference : Schwartz's Principles of Surgery 11th edition, Chapter 31, Liver, Pg: 1368.

Pilonidal sinus The term pilonidal sinus describes a condition found in the natal cleft overlying the coccyx, consisting of one or more, usually non-infected, midline openings, which communicate with a fibrous track lined by granulation tissue and containing hair lying loosely within the lumen. A common affliction amongst the military, it has been referred to as ‘jeep disease’. Reference: Bailey & Love's short practice of surgery, chapter 80, Edition 28th, Pg: 1423

The inguinal canal is about 4 cm in length and is located just cephalad to the inguinal ligament. The canal extends between the internal (deep) inguinal and external (superficial) inguinal rings. The inguinal canal contains the spermatic cord in men and the round ligament of the uterus in women. Structures contributing to the walls of inguinal canal Roof: oblique fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique aponeurosis Floor: inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament Posterior wall: transversalis fascia and transversus abdominis