Contrast Media and Patient Preparation MCQs

PET-CT is preferred for cancer staging as it evaluates lymph node involvement and metastatic disease in cancer patients. Reference: Jacobson FL, McKean SC. Chapter 105. Introduction to Radiology. In: McKean SC, Ross JJ, Dressler DD, Brotman DJ, Ginsberg JS. eds. Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine.

Gastric emptying studies (GES) using radionuclides are performed to evaluate gastric motor function. They are often considered the "gold standard", and "most physiologic" examinations, because of their noninvasive nature, use a physiologic liquid or solid meal, and the resultant quantitative information. Typical indications for GES are evaluation of symptoms such as (postprandial) nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux disease, difficult glycemic control in diabetic patients, suspected or known gastroparesis, and assessing response to therapy. Reference: Mc-Graw Hill speciality Board review Radiology page number 739

The investigation of choice for HCC is CECT abdomen. CT evaluation of patients with suspected HCC should be done using multiphasic contrast imaging of the liver. HCC shows early arterial enhancement with Rapid Washout

Imperforate hymen is a congenital condition in which the hymen lacks a normal opening. The usual initial imaging modality of diagnosis, it shows a distended fluid-filled vagina (hematocolpos) and uterus (hematometra) with internal echoes representing hemorrhage of various ages. Reference: Imaging the Endometrium: Disease and Normal Variants Kenneth M. Nalaboff, John S. Pellerito, and Eran Ben-Levi RadioGraphics 2001 21:6, page number 1409-1424

Article 21 of Constitution of India: This ensures 'Right to life,' but does not include the right to die. Hence, forcible feeding of persons going on hunger strike is lawful in India. Declaration of Malta: This deals with respecting the autonomy of the patient and suggests that the doctor should not feed forcibly in such cases. Feeding is allowed when the patient has lapsed into a coma. Article 14 of the Constitution of India: "The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India." Declaration of Sydney: Deals with the determination of death and the recovery of organs. Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by KS Narayan Reddy, 35th Edition, Page Number-260.

The saline is a radio-lucent substance and is not seen on CXR. Iodine, barium and steel are radio-opaque and are easily seen on x rays. Reference: Bell, D. Contrast medium. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-69081

Normal tubes are isoechoic and are not usually visualised by TVS unless there is fluid contrast. The use of fluid contrast for evaluation of tubes has been described in literature as SION TEST from Mumbai or as SION PROCEDURE of sonosalpingography. Reference: Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology by Dr. P. K. shah, Dr. Mandakini megh, Dr. Nandita palshetkar page number 17

Benign serous cystadenomas appear as sharply marginated, anechoic masses that may be large and are usually unilocular. Internal thin walled septations and papillary projections may be seen (in borderline tumours). Reference: Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology by Dr. P. K. shah, Dr. Mandakini megh, Dr. Nandita palshetkar page number 41