Basics of Chest Imaging MCQs

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Ultrasound is based on Piezoelectric effect

Triple-rule-out CT (TRO CT) angiography may be ordered in the setting of acute chest pain to examine the thoracic aorta and the coronary and pulmonary arteries. The protocol helps exclude life-threatening causes of acute chest pain, especially if atypical, or if alternative causes to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are being entertained Reference : Czarniecki, M., Iqbal, S. Triple-rule-out CT. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-54142

Hydatid cysts result from infection by the Echinococcus tapeworm species and can result in cyst formation The USG features of hydatid cyst are: The Gharbi ultrasound classification consists of five stages: stage 1: homogeneously hypoechogenic cystic thin-walled lesion stage 2: septated cystic lesion stage 3: cystic lesion with daughter lesions stage 4: pseudo-tumor lesion stage 5: calcified or partially calcified lesion (inactive cyst) Reference: AIIMS-MAMC-PGI's Comprehensive textbook of diagnostic radiology page number 1893

Acute hepatitis USG features include: hepatomegaly (most sensitive sign) >15.5 cm at the midclavicular line starry sky appearance with decreased echotexture of liver and increased brightness of portal radicles gallbladder wall thickening the overall echotexture is often decreased Reference: AIIMS-MAMC-PGI's Comprehensive textbook of diagnostic radiology page Number 1847

Biliary atresia (BA) is a congenital biliary disorder, which is characterized by an absence of the extrahepatic biliary tree. It is one of the most common causes of neonatal cholestasis, often causing cirrhosis immediately and leading to death THe USG features include: echogenic fibrous tissue anterior to the right portal vein: triangular cord sign hepatic artery changes larger hepatic arterial caliber gallbladder ghost triad atretic gallbladder, length less than 19 mm irregular or lobular contour lack of smooth/complete echogenic mucosal lining with an indistinct wall Reference: AIIMS-MAMC-PGI's Comprehensive textbook of diagnostic radiology page number 1210

Indications for breast MRI include screening of high risk patients, assessment of extent of ipsilateral disease in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, assessment of chest wall or pectoralis muscle involvement, evaluation of the contralateral breast, surveillance for residual/recurrent disease after breast conservation surgery, evaluation of response to chemotherapy, further evaluation of mammographic or palpable abnormality, evaluation of axillary carcinoma with unknown primary, and assessment of silicone implant integrity Reference: Primer of diagnostic Imaging, sixth edition Pg 604

A mass is defined by the BI-RADS lexicon as a space-occupying lesion that is seen in two different projections. The BI-RADS lexicon is employed to describe features of masses including shape, margins, and density. Additional features to consider include associated calcifications, effects on surrounding tissue, architectural distortion, "halo" sign, satellite lesions, multiple lesions, and stability. Reference: Primer of diagnostic Imaging, sixth edition Page number - 612

The suspicious sonographic findings can include: surface characteristics (spiculation, angular margins, and micro lobulations); shapes (taller than wide, duct extension, and branch pattern); and internal characteristics (acoustic shadowing, hypoechoic echotexture, and calcifications). Reference: Diagnostic ultrasound, Carol M. Rumack, Deborah Levine, 5th edition page number - 792