Non-Communicable Diseases - Cancer, Obesity and Blindness MCQs

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Leucine o Similar to maize, Jowar also Contains excess of leucine. o Leucine interferes with conversion of tryptophan to niacin. o Pellagra has been reported in India in Telangana area of Andhra Pradesh because of Sower (Sorghum vulgare) consumption.

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Safflower oil [Ref Park 22"d /e p. 566] The richest source of linoleic acid is safflower oil. Sources of linoleic acid in decreasing order are safflower oil > cornoil > Sunflower oil > Soyabean oil > Sesame oil > ground nut oil.

Explanation: Co-testing for cervical cancer involves performing both a Pap smear (cytology) and HPV DNA testing Purpose: Pap smear: Detects cellular abnormalities (pre-cancerous changes). HPV DNA test: Detects high-risk HPV strains associated with cervical cancer. Recommended for women ≥30 years for improved sensitivity compared to either test alone. Explanation of Incorrect Options: VIA and Pap smear together (Option A): VIA is a visual screening method ; co-testing specifically refers to cytology + HPV DNA. Blood test for antibodies and Pap smear (Option C): No role of blood antibodies in cervical cancer screening; not part of co-testing. VIA alone (Option D): VIA is a stand-alone screening method , not a co-test.

Ans. is i.e., D. Corpulence index [Ref Park 22nd le p. 369, 370] Different indices use to determine obesity are i) Body mass index (Qetelet's index) It is used internationally as reference standard for assessing the prevalence of obesity. It is dependent both on height and weight (has been explained earlier). ii) Ponderal index It is dependent both on height and weight. It is defined as height (cm) divided by cube root of weight (kg). iii) Broca indexà deal weight = Height (cms) - 100 iv) Corpulence indexà It is dependent only on weight (height independent. It should be 1.2.

Ans. is 'c' i.e., 90% [Ref Park 22"/e p. 358] Approximately 90% of oral cancers in South East Asia are linked to tobacco chewing and tobacco smoking" -- Park

Explanation: The correct WHO definition of blindness is a visual acuity of less than 3/60 in the better eye with the best possible correction. This means a person classified as blind cannot see at 3 meters what a person with normal vision can see at 60 meters. The WHO classification for distance vision impairment is: Mild: Visual acuity worse than 6/12 Moderate: Visual acuity worse than 6/18 (Option C ruled out) Severe: Visual acuity worse than 6/60 (Option A ruled out) Blindness: Visual acuity worse than 3/60 Explanation of other options: 1/60 (Option D): This is not a standard WHO cut-off for defining any category of visual impairment. Key Takeaways: Memorize the WHO cut-off for blindness: . Understand the progression: 6/18 (Moderate) -> 6/60 (Severe) -> 3/60 (Blindness). Reference: World Health Organization (WHO) - Visual impairment and blindness.