Deficiency of Fat Soluble Vitamins MCQs

Deficiency in vitamin E is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, particularly in neonates, due to its role in platelet aggregation. Vitamin K deficiency leads to hemorrhagic disorders , since vitamin K is essential in the production of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X, and proteins C and S. Increased bruising can be seen in vitamin C deficiency due to an inability to synthesize collagen. Vitamins A is not associated with either an increased bleeding or thrombosis risk. Tags : Topic : VITAMIN DEFICIENCY & TOXICITY Difficulty level : GOOD TO KNOW PYQ : FMGE JUNE 2022; DEC 2021 Reference : Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 21 st ed., pg. 1846

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vitamin K o Milks from the mother whose diet is sufficient and properly balanced will supply all the necessary nutrients except fluoride and Vitamin D. o The iron content of human milk is low, but most normal term infants have sufficient iron stores for the first 4-6 months. Human milk iron is well absorbed. Nonetheless, by 6 months the breast-fed infant's diet should be supplemented with iron fortified complementary foods. o The Vitamin K content of human milk is low and may cause hemorrhagic disease of newborn.

Neonates have low Vitamin K levels due to Poor transplacental transfer Low Vitamin K in breast milk Lack of gut colonization with Vit K producing bacteria Thus, neonates are predisposed to Vitamin K deficiency, which can cause bleeding manifestations, called as Hemorrhagic Disease of newborn, also called as Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB). To prevent this, Government of India recommends one intramuscular dose of Vitamin K at birth to all neonates. Reference: OP Ghai 10 th Edition, Page 183

The initial laboratory tests in a child with rickets should include Serum calcium, Serum phosphorus Alkaline phosphatase Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25- D), Creatinine Electrolytes 25-hydroxy vitamin D is reduced in initial phase, while 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D levels are maintained. 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D levels fall in very severe condition only. Other lab tests help in confirmation of the type of rickets. Tags : Topic : RICKETS Difficulty level : MUST KNOW PYQ : NEET PG 2021;2023 Reference : Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 21 st ed., pg. 3746

Keshan's disease is due to deficiency of selenium. It causes Cardiomyopathy Its major sources are meat, seafood, whole grains and garlic Tags : Topic : MINERAL DEFICIENCY & TOXICITY Difficulty level : MUST KNOW PYQ : NEET PG 2021;2023 Reference : Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 21 st ed., pg. 387

Out of all the options, Vitamin A, C and E have antioxidant property . Out of these, Vitamin E is the most important. It is mainly located within the cell membranes, preventing lipid peroxidation and formation of free radicals. Deficiency of vitamin E can cause, hemolysis and neurological symptoms especially in the posterior column. Tags : Topic : VITAMIN DEFICIENCY & TOXICITY Difficulty level : GOOD TO KNOW PYQ : INICET NOV 2022 Reference : Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 21 st ed., pg. 385

Clues in the question include a low Hb with a high MCV suggesting macrocytic anemia. Furthermore, vegan diet indicates Vitamin B12 deficiency to be likely and thus the likely cause is Megaloblastic Anemia. Kindly note that MCV >100-120 fl indicates Macrocytic anemia. Reference: OP Ghai 10 th Edition, Page 356

In pediatric cardiac arrest, if the central or peripheral venous access is not immediately achieved, intraosseous (IO) access should be secured. The usual site for IO access is upper end of tibia, medial to the tibial tuberosity. Other sites include distal femur, lower end of tibia above medial malleolus and anterior superior iliac spine. All drugs and infusions which can be given via intravenous route, can also be administered via intraosseous route. Tracheal route is not a preferred site even in emergencies. However, if even IO access is not possible, it can be considered for lipid-soluble agents like epinephrine, lidocaine, atropine and naloxone, if indicated. Reference: OP Ghai 10 th Edition, Page 766