Sports Injury MCQs

Rotator cuff tear is not a cause of recurrent dislocation of shoulder. The Common injuries causing recurrent dislocation of the shoulder are Bankart lesion Bony Bankart lesion Hill Sach's lesion Reference: J. Maheshwari's 5th Edition of Essential Orthopaedics page no. 90

Double PCL sign on MRI is classically seen in bucket handle tear of a meniscus. The inability to fully extend the knee suggest a locked knee, again pointing towards a bucket handle meniscal tear. The best treatment of acute bucket handle meniscal tear in young athletes is arthroscopic repair. However if the meniscus injury is in the white- white zone, then a partial meniscectomy is done as the meniscus will not heal even if we do a repair because of the poor blood supply at the white -white zone. Reference - Manish Kumar Varshney 1 st edition page no 894.

ACL is made up of 2 bundles Anteromedial - which becomes tight in flexion Posterolateral - which becomes tight in extension In this patient, the knee is unstable in flexion but stable in extension. This means that the anteromedial fibres of the ACL are torn but the posteromedial fibers are intact. Reference: Miler's 8th Edition of Review of Orthopaedics, page no. 728

The most common ligament injured in inversion injuries of the ankle is the ATFL (anterior talofibular ligament) In fact, it is the most commonly injured ligament in the body. It is said that, every human will get an ATLF strain at least once in their lifetime. Reference: Koval's Handbook of fracture's 5th edition, page no. 452

The ACL ligament is the primary restraint to anterior tibial displacement, accounting for approximately of the resistance to the anterior drawer test when the knee is at of flexion and neutral rotation. ACL has 2 bundles –anteomedial and posterolateral. The anteromedial band is tight in flexion, providing the primary restraint, whereas the posterolateral bulky portion of this ligament is tight in extension. The posterolateral bundle also provides the principal resistance against hyperextension. Therefore in ACL tears Complete ACL tear will produce instability in both flexion and extension. Anteromedial bundle tear will produce instability in flexion Posterolateral bundle tear will produce instability in extension. Reference - Manish Kumar Varshney 1 st edition page no 879.

In patients with ACL tears, there is difficulty in climbing down stairs and not in climbing up stairs. This is because while coming down stairs, the tibia will be pulled anteriorly by gravity and the tibia will translate anteriorly as there is no restraint from the ACL. This will result in a feeling of giving way and instability. Features of Acute ACL tear are Pop sound at the time of injury Immediate effusion of knee Pain Unable to weight bear Features of Chronic ACL tear are Feeling of instability Difficulty going down stairs Occasional pain Reference: Miler's 8th Edition of Review of Orthopaedics, page no. 733, 741

Inversion injury to ankle involves damage to talofibular ligament (the lateral complex). INVERSION INJURY An inversion force with the foot in plantar flexion results in the sprain of the anterior talofibular ligament of the ankle. It is the most common ligament injury occurring in the body. Reference - Maheshwari Essential Orthopaedics, 4th ed., 135

The most common acute skeletal injury in the dancer is the inversion sprain of the ankle and thought to be due to relative peroneal muscle weakness. Sprains may occur in any ligament in the foot or ankle, but most common ones involve the lateral ligament complex (anterior talofibular, calcaneal-fibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments); the anterior tibiofibular, the lateral talocalcaneal ligament; and, occasionally the medial (deltoid) ligament. Regardless of the method of treatment, adequate physical therapy and proper rehabilitation are necessary to restore normal use following injury. Restoration of full peroneal strength is essential to minimize risk of recurrent sprains. Reference - Manish Kumar Varshney 1 st edition page no 1262.