Skeletal Tuberculosis MCQs

Chronic fluorosis is seen in localities where the water supply contains > 10 ppm fluoride (Davidson). Fluorosis It is characterized by excessive deposition of calcium in bone & soft tissues due to increased intake of fluorides through drinking water. Clinical features: Dental fluorosis— earliest sign of fluorosis (mottling of enamel) – MC involve the incisors of upper jaw. Skeletal fluorosis— pain in back & joints, stiff spine, paranesthesia, spastic paraparesis & anemia. Radiological findings: Spine: Calcification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Pelvis: Calcification of ischio pubic & sacroiliac ligaments Forearm & leg: calcification of interosseous membrane. Treatment: Defluridation of water (Nalgonda technique) Reference: Maheswari, 55th ed, p. 314

Tuberculosis of the knee is classical cause of triple deformity. It includes: Flexion Lateral(external) rotation of tibia Posterior subluxation of tibia Better treatment results are seen with ATT and arthrodesis This condition can also be seen in Rheumatoid arthritis. Reference: Maheshwari Essential Orthopedics, 5 th edition, Page no. 201.

Triple deformity is seen in advanced TB knee. It has 3 components Posterior subluxation of tibia External rotation of tibia Flexion of knee Reference: J. Maheshwari's 5th Edition of Essential Orthopaedics page no. 200

Tuberculosis of the knee is classical cause of triple deformity. It includes: Flexion Lateral(external) rotation of tibia Posterior subluxation of tibia Better treatment results are seen with ATT and arthrodesis This condition can also be seen in Rheumatoid arthritis. Reference: Maheshwari Essential Orthopedics, 5 th edition, Page no. 201.

Majority of cases reported in dorsolumbar region(lower thoracic and upper lumbar) due to: Greater extent of movement - stress zone due to transition of kyphosis to lordosis Degree of weight bearing Large surface area of spongy cancellous bone Proximity to cisterna chyli and kidney. In order of involvement lumbar → upper dorsal → cervical → sacral → atlantoaxial Reference: Maheshwari Essential Orthopedics, 7 th edition, Page no. 182.

In achondroplasia, the IQ and sexual development are absolutely normal. Achondroplasia MC skeletal dysplasia MC cause of disproportionate dwarfism Autosomal dominant Caused due to FGFR 3 mutation on Chr 4 The basic problem is defective enchondral ossification of long bones Proximal bones are most affected - Rhizomelic shortening Reference: Miler's 8th Edition of Review of Orthopaedics, page no. 675