Dermatitis MCQs

Profilaggrin is found in the keratohyalin granules present in the stratum granulosum. Profilaggrin breaks down to yield individual filaggrin monomers at the transition between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. Deficiency of filaggrin: Atopic dermatitis & Ichthyosis vulgaris Reference : Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 9th Edition, Page Number-7.

Normally, nuclei are absent in stratum corneum. Retention of nuclei within the cells of stratum corneum - Parakeratosis. Parakeratosis is seen in - Normally → Mucous membrane of mouth and vagina. Disorders → Benign (Psoriasis, Seborrheic dermatitis) Malignant (Actinic keratosis, Squamous cell carcinoma) Reference: Rooks textbook of dermatology, chapter 3, page 34

Spongiosis: Intraedpidermal intercellular edemaDermal inflammatory infiltrates around the dilated venules of the superficial plexus, edema, and spongiosis Fully developed spongiosis becomes organized in focal micro vesicles Reference: Rooks textbook of dermatology 9 th edition, chapter 39, page 39.3

Seborrheic Dermatitis Site: areas rich in sebaceous glands, particularly the scalp, face, and body folds. Linked to the interplay of normal skin flora - Malassezia spp, the composition of lipids on the skin surface and individual susceptibility. C/F - folliculocentric erythematous papules and plaques with a fine white scale, and a yellowish crust often described as a greasy scale-crust. Treatment: Topical antifungals: Ketoconazole, Ciclopirox, Selenium sulphide Topical steroids Topical immunomodulators: Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus Reference: Rooks textbook of Dermatology, 9 th edition, chapter 40, page 2

Explanation: Lichenification is characterized by thickened, leathery skin, not atrophy. Atrophy refers to thinning of the epidermis or dermis, which is the opposite of what occurs in lichenification. Lichenification occurs due to chronic irritation or scratching, typically seen in: Chronic eczema Lichen simplex chronicus Atopic dermatitis Key features: Thickened skin Hyperpigmentation due to chronic inflammation Hyperlinearity, where skin markings become prominent Dryness and scaling may accompany it

This is the most common cause of plant induced dermatitis (phytodermatitis) in India Reference: Rooks textbook of dermatology 9 th edition, chapter 128, page 51

Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is a water-soluble and heat-stable vitamin that the body uses to metabolize fats, protein, and carbohydrates into glucose for energy. Clinical deficiency of riboflavin - sore throat, hyperemia and edema of the pharyngeal and oral mucous membranes, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis (dyssebacea), and normochromic, normocytic anemia associated with pure red cell cytoplasia of the bone marrow. Severe riboflavin deficiency can also affect the conversion of vitamin B 6 to its coenzyme and even curtail conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Neovascularisation of cornea can also be seen. Reference: Rooks textbook of dermatology 9 th edition, chapter 63, page 14

Asteatotic eczema, also known as eczema craquelé, is a common type of pruritic dermatitis. C/F - dry, cracked, and scaling skin that is typically inflamed. Can lead to fissures are a result of epidermal water loss. The fissured skin occurs in a polygonal or curvilinear pattern (crazing pavement sign). typically presents on the anterolateral aspects of the lower legs Asteatotic eczema occurs especially in winter months when the skin is more at risk for becoming dry. Asteatotic eczema is also more common in the elderly. Reference: Rooks textbook of Dermatology, 9 th edition, chapter 39, page 10