Upper Limb Bones and Joints MCQs

It is fairly common for the lunate to be dislocated anteriorly this injury may result from a fall on an extended wrist. The lunate may be pushed out of its place on the floor of the carpal tunnel and move toward the palm of the wrist. This dislocation may compress the median nerve and lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. Also remember: scaphoid, the lateral bone in the proximal row of carpals, is frequently fractured when someone falls on an outstretched wrist! Capitate, hamate, and trapezoid are not commonly injured in these falls. Reference: Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Upper Limb Page number - 816

A joint with three or more articular surfaces is classified as a compound joint. Classification of joints based on the number of articulating surfaces: Simple joints have 2 articulation surfaces. e.g., shoulder joint, hip joint. Compound joints have 3 or more articulation surfaces. e.g., elbow joint, wrist joint. Complex joints have an intra-articular disc between the articular surfaces which divides the joint space. e.g., temporomandibular joint and sternoclavicular joint. Reference: Textbook of B d Chaurasia's handbook of General Anatomy, 4th Edition, Page number - 57

The thoracoacromial artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia before giving off its four branches: pectoral, clavicular, deltoid, and acromial. It supplies pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, the deltoid muscle, and the acromioclavicular joint. It is a branch off of the axillary artery. The axillary artery and all its other branches, including the anterior circumflex humoral and subscapular arteries, run deep to the clavipectoral fascia. The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery which also runs deep to the fascia. Reference : Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Upper Limb Page number - 711

The posterior and anterior circumflex arteries wrap around the humerus near its surgical neck. A fracture to the surgical neck could damage either of these arteries or the axillary nerve. (Remember the posterior circumflex humeral artery and the axillary nerve cross through the quadrangular space together.) The subscapular artery is a branch of the third part of the axillary artery it branches to form the thoracodorsal artery and the circumflex scapular artery. The radial recurrent artery is a branch of the radial collateral artery it contributes to collateral circulation around the elbow. The deep brachial artery is an artery in the deep arm it is close to the humerus, so fracturing the humerus at mid-arm might result in damage to this vessel Reference - Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Upper Limb Page number - 818

The clavicle is a modified long bone, as it has a modified shaft and no medullary cavity. Reference: Textbook of B d Chaurasia's handbook of General Anatomy, 4th Edition, Page number - 57

The scapular circumflex artery, which is a branch of the subscapular artery, contributes to a scapular anastamosis with the suprascapular artery and the dorsal scapular artery. So, if one of these arteries needs to be ligated, the other ones will supply the scapula. The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries anastomose with each other, but they do not contribute to the blood supply of the scapula. The thoracodorsal artery is another branch of the subscapular artery (just like the scapular circumflex artery). It supplies latissimus dorsi. Reference : Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Upper Limb Page number - 737

Ans. is'c'i.e., Subclavius (Ref: Clinical anatomy j'd/e p. 1367) Subclavius steadies the clavicle during movements of shoulder.

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast. It usually occurs during lactation and breast feeding and is usually caused by the organism Staphylococcus aureus. Treating a patient with mastitis that involves infection would include antibiotics, draining an abscess, and excising the diseased mammary duct. Reference: Textbook of Gray's Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Upper Limb Page number - 749