Miscellaneous Viruses - Rubella, Coronaviruses, Prions, Rotavirus, Filovirus, Zika Virus and Nipah Virus MCQs

Reye’s syndrome commonly occurs in children undergoing recovery phase of viral infections especially Chickenpox and Influenza, and are taking Aspirin. Symptoms in Reye’s syndrome occurs typically due to fatty degeneration of liver. There is no specific treatment, only supportive management is indicated. Hence, Aspirin is avoided as much as possible in infants and children. Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd Edition, Page Number 550

Fever, impaired awareness, headache and seizures without nuchal rigidity and PCR positive for HSV is suggestive of Herpes Encephalitis. Herpes is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis, and it commonly affects Temporal lobe in adults. Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd Edition, Page Number 550

Roseola infantum is a self-limited viral exanthem (usually due to HHV-6 and less commonly, HHV-7) that primarily affects infants and young children and is characterized by a high fever for 3–5 days that is immediately followed by a blanching, maculopapular, non-pruritic rash. The rash initially appears on the trunk but may spread to the face and extremities. It is commonly associated with cervical, postauricular, and/or occipital lymphadenopathy and may also cause febrile seizures. Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd Edition, Page Number 550

A history of hematochezia, anal pruritus, painful defecation, and weight loss in a patient with an exophytic, friable, ulcerated mass above the anal verge is suggestive of anal canal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of anal canal cancer and typically arises below the dentate line. Patients must undergo a biopsy of the tumor to confirm the diagnosis. Women diagnosed with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma should also undergo a gynecological examination for cervical cancer screening. Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd Edition, Page Number 550

Blood transfusion is the least common mode of transmission but it has the maximum risk. On the other hand, heterosexual intercourse is the most common mode of transmission but it has a minimal risk of transmission. Saliva contains inhibitory substances that prevent transmission of HIV. Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, byApurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd edition, page 326

CCR5 receptor is present on macrophages and its lineage of cells. It acts as a second co receptor for fusion of HIV to gain entry into the host cells. Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd edition, page 327

Retroviridae family consists of 2 genera, Lentivirus and Delta retrovirus. Lentivirus contains HIV 1 and 2, while Delta retrovirus contains HTLV-1 Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd edition, page 325

Gp120 is the main receptor for HIV to bind to CD4+ cells. Gp41 is the fusion protein P24 is a core antigen P18 is a matrix antigen Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology, by Apurba Sastry and Sandhya Bhat, 3rd edition, page 326