Mixed / Miscellaneous Topics MCQs

Carbohydrates & protein (amino acid) provide energy of 4 Kcal/gm, whereas fats are a concentrated source of energy providing 9 Kcal/gm. So total calorie calculation = (100 x 4) + (30 x 4) + (40 x 9) = 880 So Option D is correct.

The active part of both Glutathione and N-Acetyl Cysteine is the Sulfhydryl group of Cysteine. So N-Acetyl Cysteine replenishes Glutathione. Reference: Harper's 32 nd edition, page 23

Nitric Oxide acts through cGMP Formed from Arginine iNOS, eNOS, nNOS are three isoforms of Nitric Oxide Synthase Nitric Oxide Uncharged molecule has an unpaired electron, so it is highly reactive, free radical. Very short half life (0.1 seconds) Formerly called Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor. Gaseous molecules. Second messenger is cGMP. Functions of Nitric Oxide Potent Vasodilator. Involved in Penile erection Neurotransmitter in brain and Peripheral Nervous System. Low level of NO involved in Pylorospasm in Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis. Inhibit adhesion, activation and aggregation of Platelets. Reference: Harper's 32 nd edition, page 661

LDH having fastest electrophoretic mobility is LDH-1 LDH having least electrophoretic mobility is LDH-5 Creatine Kinase having fastest electrophoretic mobility is CK-1 Creatine Kinase having least electrophoretic mobility is CK-3. Reference: Harper's 32nd edition, page 69

Phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidyl Inositol present in the cell membrane The inositol is present as its stereo isomer, Play an important role in cell signalling and membrane trafficking Phosphatidylinositol is a precursor of second messenger in hormonal pathways. It gives rise to 2 second messengers on cleavage by phospholiapse c, viz, DAG and IP3 Reference: Harper's 32nd edition, page 216

Types of Collagen Major Collagen present in Bone-Type I (90%) Major Collagen present in Dermis, ligaments and tendons-Type I (80%) Major Collagen present in Cartilage-Type II (40-50%) Major Collagen present in Hypertrophic Cartilage- Type X Major Collagen present in Aorta-Type I and Type III (20-40% each) Major Collagen present in Basement Membrane Type IV Most abundant Collagen-Type I Major Collagen in Keloid is Type 3 >> Type 1 Collagen in Wound Healing At first a provisional matrix containing fibrin, plasma fibronectin, and type III collagen is formed, but this is replaced by a matrix composed primarily of type I collagen Reference: Harper's 32 nd edition, page 628

Explanation: The classic triad for diagnosing primary hemochromatosis consists of: Micronodular cirrhosis with marked brown pigmentation Diabetes mellitus Skin pigmentation Glomerulopathy is not part of the classic triad for diagnosing primary hemochromatosis. While kidney involvement can occur in advanced hemochromatosis, it is not considered a hallmark feature for diagnosis.

Explanation: Given RNA sequence: CAAGGU Relationship between RNA and DNA: RNA is transcribed from the DNA template strand. The DNA template strand is complementary to the RNA sequence. Base pairing rules: Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) Uracil (U) in RNA pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA Step-by-step conversion: RNA: CAAGGU Complementary DNA template strand (3' → 5'): C pairs with G A pairs with T A pairs with T G pairs with C G pairs with C U pairs with A Resulting template strand: GTTCCA Since DNA sequences are usually written in the 5' → 3' direction, reverse the above sequence: 5' → 3' template strand: ACCTTG